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DJI Rolls Out Local Data Mode for Drones After US Army Ban Over Unknown Cyber VulnerabilitiesWeeks after the US Army told personnel to immediately shelve all drones made by Chinese manufacturer DJI, citing unspecified cyber vulnerabilities associated with DJI products, the company has introduced a new local data mode for its apps. We are creating local data mode to address the needs of our enterprise customers, including public and private organizations that are using DJI technology to perform sensitive operations around the world, company VP for Policy and Legal Affairs Brendan Schulman said in a press release, per Tech. Crunch. DJIs apps use the internet to update maps, restricted flight zones and other relevant data, as well as have an optional feature to sync with the companys database to store flight data. The new local mode disables all of those features. Its clear even by the companys own admission the timing with the Army announcement is not a coincidence, though Tech. Crunch reported DJI says the local mode was in development for several months and was not originally spurred by US brass. Were not responding to the Army, which has never explained its concerns to us, DJI communications director for North America Adam Lisberg told Tech. Crunch. We announced it today because enterprise customers with serious data security have made clear they need something like this for a while, and the Army memo reinforced that concern for them. The military has declined to reveal the security vulnerabilities, presumably for operational security reasonssmall drones like those manufactured by DJI are already in limited deployment with the US military, and are widely used by some guerilla forces that oppose them like ISIS extremists. DJI also says the Army has not clued them in. Weeks after the US Army told personnel to immediately shelve all drones made by Chinese manufacturer DJI, citing unspecified cyber vulnerabilities associated with. Its cake versus ice cream for Splatoon 2s first Splatfest and were streaming all the fun live on our Twitch channel. Come and join the mayhemBut its not clear that disabling internet access on a drones control app would plug whatever hole the military suspects it found anyhow. Its possible theres a vulnerability in the way DJI drones remotely interface with its controller, or a way of tricking the drone into leaking data to another user without breaking into the app at all. Its also possible the military sees the risk of a drone being hacked into as minimal, but someone didnt like the idea of any of its data possibly being sent to a private manufacturer in another country, or of US personnel using a commercial drone system at all. US military use is not Chinese manufacturer DJIs core target market, though. 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Encompassing one of the bestknown periods in world history, Total War Rome II will combines turnbased campaigns with. Kalash people Wikipedia. This article is about the Kalasha of Chitral. For the Kalasha of Nuristan, see Nuristani people. The Kalasha Kalasha Kaaa, Nuristani Kasivo, Urdu, or Kalash, are a Dardicindigenous people residing in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language, from the Dardic family of the Indo Aryan branch. They are considered unique among the peoples of Pakistan. 9 They are also considered to be Pakistans smallest ethnoreligious community,1. Hinduism. 57The neighbouring Nuristani people of the adjacent Nuristan historically known as Kafiristan province of Afghanistan once practised the faith adhered to by the Kalash. 57 By the late 1. Nuristan had been converted to Islam, although some evidence has shown the people continued to practice their customs. 7 Over the years, the Nuristan region has also been the site of much war activity that has led to the death of many endemic Nuristanis and has seen an inflow of surrounding Afghans to claim the vacant region, who have since settled among with the remaining natives. 1. The Kalash of Chitral maintained their own separate cultural traditions. 1. EtymologyeditAccording to linguist Richard Strand, the people of Chitral apparently adopted the name of the former Kafiristan Kalasha, who at some unknown time extended their influence into Chitral. 1. CultureeditThe culture of the Kalash people is unique and differs in many ways from the various contemporary Islamic ethnic groups surrounding them in modern northwestern Subcontinent. They are polytheists and nature plays a highly significant and spiritual role in their daily life. As part of their religious tradition, sacrifices are offered and festivals held to give thanks for the abundant resources of their three valleys. Kalasha Desh the three Kalash valleys is made up of two distinct cultural areas, the valleys of Rumbur and Brumbret forming one, and Birir valley the other Birir valley being the more traditional of the two. citation needed Kalash mythology and folklore has been compared to that of ancient Greece,1. Indo Iranian pre Zoroastrian Vedic traditions. 1. You have not yet voted on this site If you have already visited the site, please help us classify the good from the bad by voting on this site. The Kalash have fascinated anthropologists due to their unique culture compared to the rest in that region. 1. LanguageeditThe language of the Kalash is a sub branch of the Indo Aryan group, itself part of the larger Indo Iranian family. It is classified as a member of the Chitral sub group, the only other member of that group being Khowar. Norwegian. Linguist. Georg Morgenstierne believes that in spite of similarities, Kalasha is an independent language in its own right. citation neededCustomseditThere is some controversy over what defines the ethnic characteristics of the Kalash. Although quite numerous before the 2. Muslim minority has seen its numbers dwindle over the past century. A leader of the Kalash, Saifulla Jan, has stated, If any Kalash converts to Islam, they cannot live among us anymore. We keep our identity strong. 1. About three thousand have converted to Islam or are descendants of converts, yet still live nearby in the Kalash villages and maintain their language and many aspects of their ancient culture. By now, sheikhs, or converts to Islam, make up more than half of the total Kalasha speaking population. 1. Kalasha women usually wear long black robes, often embroidered with cowrie shells. For this reason, they are known in Chitral as The Black Kafirs. Men have adopted the Pakistanishalwar kameez, while children wear small versions of adult clothing after the age of four. citation neededIn contrast to the surrounding Pakistani culture, the Kalasha do not in general separate males and females or frown on contact between the sexes. However, menstruating girls and women are sent to live in the bashaleni, the village menstrual building, during their periods, until they regain their purity. They are also required to give birth in the bashaleni. There is also a ritual restoring purity to a woman after childbirth which must be performed before a woman can return to her husband. 2. The husband is an active participant in this ritual. Girls are usually married at an early age. If a woman wants to change husbands, she will write a letter to her prospective husband offering herself in marriage and informing the would be groom how much her current husband paid for her. This is because the new husband must pay double if he wants her. For example, if the current husband paid one cow for her, then the new husband must pay two cows to the original husband if he wants her. citation neededMarriage by elopement is rather frequent, also involving women who are already married to another man. Indeed, wife elopement is counted as one of the great customs ghna dastr together with the main festivals. Wife elopement may lead in some rare cases to a quasi feud between clans until peace is negotiated by mediators, in the form of the double bride price paid by the new husband to the ex husband. 2. Kalash lineages kam separate as marriageable descendants have separated by over seven generations. A rite of breaking agnation tatbe hin marks that previous agnates tatbe are now permissible affines drak clan partners. 2. Each kam has a separate shrine in the clans Jak hn, the temple to lineal or familial goddess Jak. citation neededFestivalsedit. Celebrating Joshi, Kalash women and men dance and sing their way from the dancing ground to the village arena, the Charso, for the end of the days festivities. The three main festivals khawsgaw of the Kalash are the Chilam Joshi in middle of May, the Uchau in autumn, and the Caumus in midwinter. 2. The pastoral god Sorizan protects the herds in Fall and Winter and is thanked at the winter festival, while Goshidai does so until the Pul festival p. Sept. and is thanked at the Joshi joi, i festival in spring. Joshi is celebrated at the end of May each year. The first day of Joshi is Milk Day, on which the Kalash offer libations of milk that have been saved for ten days prior to the festival. The most important Kalash festival is the Chawmos cawms, ghona chawmos yat, Khowar chitrimas from cturmsya, CDIAL 4. December, at the beginning of the month chawmos mastruk. It marks the end of the years fieldwork and harvest. It involves much music, dancing, and the sacrifice of many goats. It is dedicated to the god Balimain who is believed to visit from the mythical homeland of the Kalash, Tsyam Tsiyam, tsam, for the duration of the feast. Food sacrifices are offered at the clans Jeshtak shrines, dedicated to the ancestors. At Chaumos, impure and uninitiated persons are not admitted they must be purified by a waving a fire brand over women and children and by a special fire ritual for men, involving a shaman waving juniper brands over the men. The old rules of the gods Devalog, dewalk are no longer in force, as is typical for year end and carnival like rituals. The main Chaumos ritual takes place at a Tok tree, a place called Indras place, indrunkot, or indryin. Indrunkot is sometimes believed to belong to Balumains brother, Indr, lord of cattle. 1. Ancestors, impersonated by young boys njea pure are worshipped and offered bread they hold on to each other and form a chain cf. Vedic anvrambhaa and snake through the village. The men must be divided into two parties the pure ones have to sing the well honored songs of the past, but the impure sing wild, passionate, and obscene songs, with an altogether different rhythm. This is accompanied by a sex change men dress as women, women as men Balumain also is partly seen as female and can change between both forms at will. 1. This includes the Festival of the Budulak buak, the shepherd king. In this festival, a strong prepubescent boy is sent up into the mountains to live with the goats for the summer. He is supposed to get fat and strong from the goat milk. When the festival comes he is allowed for a 2. Any child born of this 2. The Kalash claim to have abolished this practice in recent years due to negative worldwide publicity. At this crucial moment the pure get weaker, and the impure try to take hold of the very pure boys, pretend to mount them like a hornless ram, and proceed in snake procession. At this point, the impure men resist and fight. 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Where Can We Find Funding for the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program Background Information on Bullying Questions and Answers. Question What Is Bullying In order to address the issue of bullying, it is important to clearly understand how bullying is defined. A commonly used definition developed by Dr. Olweus is. A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. Expressed in more everyday language one might say Bullying is when someone repeatedly and on purpose says or does mean or hurtful things to another person who has a hard time defending himself or herself. Question What Are the Different Forms or Kinds of BullyingThere are several different forms of bullying. The Olweus Bullying Questionnaire asks specific questions about the following forms of bullying. Internet. It is possible to divide the different types of bullying into direct and indirect forms. In direct forms, bullying involves relatively open attacks, usually in a face to face confrontation. Typical examples of direct bullying include verbal bullying with derogatory comments and nasty names, and physical bullying with hitting, kicking, shoving, and spitting. In indirect bullying, the aggressive acts are more concealed and subtle, and it may be more difficult for the bullied student to know who is responsible for the bullying. Typical examples include social isolationthat is, intentionally excluding someone from a group or activityand spreading lies and nasty rumors. Several forms of cyber bullying may also be considered indirect in the sense that nasty messages are delivered from a distance, not in a face to face way, and from anonymous sources. And in some cases, it may be difficult or almost impossible to find out who originally sent the message. Question How Does Bullying Differ from Other Types of Aggression between Students Bullying can be distinguished from other kinds of aggression between students in a number of ways, but most obviously by the following 1 the negative behaviors are intentionally targeted at a specific individual it isnt an accident that this incident happened 2 the repetitive nature of bullying it isnt usually a onetime event and 3 the power imbalance between the students. Question Why Shouldnt We Use a Conflict Resolution or Peer Mediation Program to Address Bullying Issues One of the main characteristics of bullying is an imbalance of power therefore, it cannot be considered normal relational conflict between two students. Bullying is a form of peer abuse. The student who is being bullied needs to be protected from such victimization. The student or students who bullying others must be helped to stop their destructive behavior. It is clear that conflict resolution andor peer mediation strategies can serve a positive role in building a safe school climate when used with conflict situations. Conflict resolution or peer mediation strategies, however, should not be used to address bullying problems because. Peer mediationconflict resolution programs assume there is a bit of both right and wrong on both sides. Such programs may place some blame on the student who is being bullied and free the student or students who are bullying from some responsibility. These programs work toward a compromise that, in the case of bullying, could mean further victimization of the student who has been bullied. Another common assumption in such programs is that both parties have about the same negotiating power. This is usually not the case in bullying situations where there is an imbalance in power in favor of the student or students who bully. Chances are the bullied student will be the loser in such negotiations. In peer mediationconflict resolution programs, the mediator is told not to take a moral stand on the issue at hand. In the case of bullying, it is very important that the adults take a moral stand and clearly communicate that bullying is not acceptable. Conflict resolutionpeer mediation programs leave most of the responsibility for solving bullying problems to the students. However, bullying problems are often complex and difficult to handle, even for trained school staff. To defer these problems to the students is giving them too much responsibility. By using peer mediators, staff may also think that bullying is not their problem to solve. Question What Causes Bullying There is no single or simple cause of bullying behavior. Research clearly suggests that personality characteristics and a students tendency toward aggressive behaviors, combined with physical strength or weakness in the case of boys are important risk factors for bullying in individual students. In addition, environmental factors such as the attitudes, routines, and behaviors of important adults in particular teachers and administrators play a major role in determining whether bullying will appear in a classroom or a school. The attitudes and behavior of peers also play critical roles. Question Why Do Some Students Bully Research suggests there are several partly interrelated motives for bullying. Students who bully have strong needs for power and negative dominance they seem to enjoy being in control and subduing others. Students who bully find satisfaction in causing injury and suffering to other students. This may be at least partly due to the environment at home, which may have caused hostility within the student. Students who bully are often rewarded in some way for their behavior. This could be material or psychological rewards, such as forcing the student who is bullied to give them money or enjoying the attention, status, and prestige they are granted from other students because of their behavior. Students who bully others may have some common family characteristics, such as parents who are not very involved in their childrens lives, who lack warmth and positive involvement. Some parents may not have set clear limits on their childrens aggressive behavior and may have allowed them to act out aggressively toward their siblings and other children. Organisational Conflict and its Effects on Organisational Performance. INTRODUCTIONBusinesses nowadays are operating in a turbulent environment where organisations. Dodd, 2. 00. 3. Conflict is generally. Esquivel. and Kleiner, 1. In addition organisational conflict is regarded as the. Conflict are inevitable. Jones et al. 2. 00. In addition, Loomis and Loomis 1. Conflict is an ever present process in human relations. That is why various. Conflict is a fact of life in any. In addition, dealing with conflicts is a great challenge to management. Adomi and Anie, 2. Conflicts commonly arise when. Employees. in various organisations are organized into manageable groups in order to achieve. Nowadays, most serious conflicts make headlines in the newspapers, which might. Conflicts have both negative and positive. There is. no one source of conflicts which occurs in organisations at all levels of management. Barker et al., 1. In social life, conflicts. The. same case applies to organisations, when conflicts arise it needs to be resolved. However, conflicts are rarely resolved easily, to a certain extend. Barker. et al., 1. Conflict can occur within groups intra group conflict. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to examine the sources of organizational. It specifically. tries to examine in detail, the causes, types, effects and recommend various. In any organisation, there are many causes of conflicts however conflicts. Furthermore, if the tasks of individuals working as a group are not. Conflict. between individuals may result from role related pressures. Conflicts would. arise between individuals and groups if the goals are not specified for individuals. Duke, 1. 99. 9. Additionally, the following. Resources are very scarce, people will always have to compete for them and the. Interdependent may also lead to conflict. The management might blame all units involved at each process. Incompatible personalities, which are psychological. Robbins, 1. 98. 7. Three basic types of conflict are task conflict, interpersonal conflict. Group members may disagree about facts or opinions. The interpretation of evidence may be questioned. Disagreement. about the substance of the discussion is called task conflict. Task conflict. can be productive by improving the quality of decisions and critical thinking. Another potential area for conflict is the interpersonal relationships. The term interpersonal conflict is used to indicate. This clash. may take place in the form of antagonistic remarks that relate to the. Conflict of this type is. There may be icy stares. Interpersonal conflict. Procedural conflict exists when group members disagree about the procedures. New procedures may be formulated. Even the group goal may be modified. Procedural. conflict, like task conflict, may be productive Barker et. Not all conflicts are bad and not all conflicts are good, according to Hocker. Wilmot 1. 99. 5. People tend to view conflict as a negative force operating. Conflict can create. The positive effects of conflict are improving. In addition conflict also will be potentially destructive in. However, conflict can interfere. Unresolved conflicts tends to grow into bigger conflicts, the more. Knippen. and Green, 1. Similarly, some of these problems, which might arise due. Management should resolve conflicts properly in their organisation for. The outcome of resolving. If conflicts are managed properly by applying the best course of action. Conflict improves decision making outcomes, especially on task related conflict. Amason. 1. 99. 6 Schwenk and Cosier, 1. Research has also. Jehn, 1. 99. 5. Other benefits include improved. Fiol. 1. 99. 4, promoted the development of new ideas and approaches Baron. Schwenk and Valacich, 1. Conflict is seen as a productive. Strategies development is necessary in any organisations to curb or reduce. These strategies will resolve an existing. Knippen and Green. Robinson et al. 1. When conflict arises, we need to be able to manage them properly, so that it. Parker 1. 97. 4 argued that if conflicts. Unmanaged conflict may result in withdrawal of individuals and. Hocker and Wilmot 1. Avoidance of. conflict often leads to intensified hostility and may later cause greater problems. Therefore, one of the first steps in conflict management is to. Boulding 1. 96. 2, states that the. Conflict situations are frequently allowed to develop to almost unmanageable. Knippen and Green 1. Jointly, deciding how to resolve the conflict and making a commitment to resolve. Communication strategy has been used to resolve conflicts in many organisations. Graham and Le. Bron, 1. In addition. when a group is achieving a goal, there are internal and external problems and. Appelbaum. et al., 1. Conflict Management theory state that a healthy conflict management systems. The conflict management systems should. The process starts with assessment and inquiry, addresses the design. Ford, 2. 00. 7. This indicates. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research Design. To achieve the objectives of the study, survey research design was adopted and. The survey approach was used, because. Babbie, 1. 99. 0 Fowler. Floyd, 1. 99. 5. In addition it will greatly increase our knowledge about. Saunders et al., 2. Sampling Plan. The total number of sample selected for the study consisted of one hundred. Gaborone. The convenience sampling was used to get the views of the managers. The overall response rate was 6. This sample is deemed. Nelson, 1. 98. 8 Spiro. Data Collection. In pursuit of this study and achieve its objectives, the research instrument. The questionnaire was pre tested with ten managers. Their. suggestions were incorporated. The use of questionnaire was considered most. The. research instrument was divided into two sections. Part I comprised of demographic. Part II, comprised of open ended questions like what causes conflicts. This was done to get perceptions from managers on issues of. In the previous research it clearly demonstrates that the questionnaire is the. Suliman and. Abdulla, 2. Adomi and Anie, 2. RESULTS The analysis of data was made by using quantitative approach. This. study is more quantitative, therefore other methods were ruled out from. The data was analyzed by using descriptive method that is the tabular. One hundred and thirty questionnaires were distributed to managers in. Gaborone. Only 8. The remaining were not returned or were misplaced by the respondents. The questions were grouped into six variables with. Table 1. These variables. In Table 1, 9. 4 of managers agree that employees have. This reflects in. However, the major cause of organisation conflict is limited resource. In addition. employees compete in organisation because of limited resources. Competition. among the employees might take place in the form of promotion, financial. It also reflects that managers. Either plans are in place or they are not interpreted and communication. In the variables of types of conflicts which are very common. Also the results shows that other types of conflicts do exist in organisation. Table 1. On the issue of effects of conflict to organisational performance variable. This reflects that if conflicts. In addition conflict has positive effect to the organisation especially. Therefore, its the duty of the management and employees. In resolving conflicts, results indicate that most conflicts in organisation. However, in other situations mediation approach is used to resolve. In addition other approaches are also supplemented in resolving conflicts. The respondents agree that more than one approach is used in their organisation. This reflects that management applies more than. Although the respondents. This result indicates that the. Therefore, its the prerogative duty of the management. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSResults from the study indicate that organisational conflicts do. The major causes of organisational conflicts is. Employees always compete for the scarce. Therefore its the prime responsibility of the management to. This approach to a. Employees performance evaluation criteria should be clearly spelled out. Employees should be evaluated impartially. Therefore, to avoid the situation. SMART. In addition the employees. This will make employees. Empirical findings show that organisations are adversely affected by. Similarly. organisational conflicts do have positive effects to the organisation. In addition conflicts build. This occurs especially when they come together to resolve the conflict. Although conflicts have both negative and positive effects, the management. Gmail is email thats intuitive, efficient, and useful. 15 GB of storage, less spam, and mobile access. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. Bulletin Daily Paper 0. Western Communications, Inc. Bulletin Daily Paper 0. Published on May 3. The Bulletin Daily print edition for Sunday, May 3. 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